United States – Page 4 – Global Investment Law Watch

United States: SEC Charges 11 Firms with Record Retention Violations

Aug 11 2023

By: Neil Smith , Hayley Trahan Liptak and Peter Shanley

For over twenty months, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has steadily announced settled orders against broker-dealers and investment advisers for failure to retain business-related communication. On 8 August 2023, the SEC released another round of settled orders with 11 firms for violation of Exchange Act Rule 17a-4 for failing to retain off-channel business-related communication. One dually registered broker-dealer and investment adviser was also charged with violating recordkeeping provisions of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The content of the orders, and the firms involved, show the SEC’s attention may be shifting from wide-spread violations at large institutions to more limited compliance failures at firms of differing sizes. The assessed penalties, although still considerable, are consistent with this shift.

United States: CFTC Proposes to Broaden Scope of Eligible Collateral for Initial Margin

Jul 28 2023

By: Kenneth Holston, Cheryl Isaac, Matthew Rogers and Gustavo De La Cruz Reynozo

On July 26, 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) proposed an amendment (“Proposal”) to, among other things, expand the universe of eligible collateral for the CFTC’s initial margin (“IM”) requirements for uncleared swaps. The Proposal would result in swap dealers that are not subject to prudential regulation being able to use a broader range of money market funds (“MMFs”) and similar funds as collateral to meet their uncleared swap IM requirements under CFTC Regulation 23.156(a)(1)(ix).

United States: Updating – and Limiting – the Internet Advisers Exemption

Jul 27 2023

By Keri Riemer and Matthew Rogers

On 26 July 2023, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) proposed amendments (Proposal) to the “internet adviser exemption” set forth in Rule 203A-2(e) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, which permits registration with the SEC of certain investment advisers that would not otherwise be eligible for such registration. The proposed reforms would impose new limitations on advisers seeking to rely on the exemption by precluding them from providing advice through a means other than an “operational interactive website” (i.e., a website or mobile application through which the adviser provides “digital investment advisory services” (as defined in the Proposal) on an ongoing basis to more than one client (except during temporary technological outages)).

United States: CFTC Seeks to Refresh Swap Dealer and FCM Risk Management Program Requirements

Jul 18 2023

By: Clifford C. Histed, Cheryl L. Isaac and Christine Mikhael

On July 18, 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) published in the Federal Register an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking (“ANPRM”) on Risk Management Program (“RMP”) requirements for swap dealers (“SDs”), major swap participants (“MSPs”) and futures commission merchants (“FCMs”). After initially adopting its RMP requirements for SDs and MSPs (CFTC Regulation 23.600) and FCMs (CFTC Regulation 1.11) in 2012, the CFTC now seeks to refresh certain aspects in light of feedback it has received on market participants’ confusion and lack of uniformity on their RMP obligations and filings. In particular, the CFTC identified the impetus for issuing the ANPRM as being:

SEC Passes New Money Market Fund Rules: Swing Pricing is Out and Mandatory Liquidity Fees are In

Jul 12 2023

By: Max Black, Michael Davalla and Cal Gilmartin

On July 12, 2023 the SEC adopted rules applicable to money market funds (“MMFs”). The new rules change: (i) liquidity thresholds; (ii) liquidity fees and redemption gates; (iii) options for responding to negative interest rate environments; and (iv) reporting obligations. Importantly, the SEC declined to impose swing pricing mechanisms on MMFs depending on their net redemptions. The new rules institute mandatory liquidity fees for institutional prime funds and institutional tax exempt funds.

United States: Tag, You (Maryland Closed-End Funds) Are It!

Jun 30 2023

By Jennifer R. Gonzalez and Nicholas O. Ersoy

In May 2020, the Division of Investment Management Staff of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission published a Statement withdrawing a November 2010 letter issued to Boulder Total Return Fund, relating to the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act (MCSAA), which had long been an impediment to closed-end funds opting in to state statutes that permit corporations to restrict certain stockholders’ ability to vote “control shares” (shares of a corporation which, when aggregated with all shares of such corporation owned by an acquiring person, exceed certain ownership thresholds). Following the May 2020 Staff Statement, a number of closed-end funds opted in to state control share statutes or adopted by-law provisions with similar impact. Further developments since then include:

United States: SEC’s Stunning Enforcement Actions Against Binance and Coinbase

Jun 08 2023

By Rich Kerr, Eden Rohrer, and Max Black

In a stunning move, over the last two days, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has filed back-to-back enforcement actions against major crypto exchanges Binance (See here) and Coinbase (See here). This clearly indicates that the SEC is flexing its enforcement power over both international exchanges as well as those exchanges with a focus on the United States. Please visit the K&L Gates Fintech and Blockchain Law Watch to see commentary about these developments from our Digital Assets team.

United States: New Conference, More Rulemaking?

May 22 2023

At the Conference On Emerging Trends In Asset Management sponsored by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and held 19 May 2023, Chair Gary Gensler, and Director of the SEC’s Division of Investment Management, William Birdthistle, called for greater discourse with industry participants and highlighted the strengths of recent rulemaking activities of the SEC.

Mr. Birdthistle kicked off the conference by referring to funds and investment advisers as “critical agents” in the investment management industry and in advancing the SEC’s mission. He also acknowledged the need for the SEC and its staff to be open to different opinions. He did not, however, indicate how such different views have been—or would be—addressed in the rulemaking process or otherwise.

United States: SEC Charges Two Broker-Dealers With Record Retention Violations

May 16 2023

By: Neil T. Smith, Hayley Trahan-Liptak, and Christopher F. Warner

In November 2022, The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Chair Gary Gensler stated that the SEC was only just getting started in its efforts to ensure firms were properly retaining business-related communication occurring over off-channel mediums. Two settled orders against two prominent broker-dealers released 11 May 2023 emphasize that point.

As with the SEC’s December 2021 and September 2022 settlements with major Wall Street firms, the 11 May 2023 settlements find violations of the record keeping requirements of Exchange Act Rule 17a-4 based on the firms’ failures to retain off-channel business-related communication. In the orders, which closely track the September 2022 orders, the SEC emphasized that the broker-dealers engaged in “pervasive off-channel communication” that occurred at all firm levels. The SEC continued to identify discussions about clients, client meetings, investment strategy, and communication regarding market color, trends, and events as “concerning” the broker-dealers’ respective businesses.

The May 2023 and September 2022 orders diverge with the discussion of cooperation. The SEC emphasizes in the recent orders that it considered the broker-dealers’ self-reporting, immediate remedial action, and cooperation with the SEC’s ensuing investigation when assessing penalties. Ultimately, the SEC ordered penalties of US$15 million and US$7.5 million, a fraction of the US$50 to US$125 million penalty range assessed in most prior similar orders.

It is clear the SEC’s investigatory efforts into record retention are in full swing. In fact, since the Fall of 2022, a myriad of firms have publicly announced that they are under investigation by the SEC in connection with potential record retention issues. It is likely additional formal charges are on the horizon.

United States: SEC Adopts Amendments to Form PF and Significantly Expands Reporting Requirements

May 04 2023

By: Pablo J. Man, Ruth E. Delaney, Matthew F. Phillips, and Gustavo De La Cruz Reynozo

On May 3, 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) approved amendments to Form PF, the confidential reporting form required to be filed by private fund advisers. The amendments expand the scope of Form PF’s disclosure obligations to require large hedge fund advisers to file new “current” reports and all private equity fund advisers to file new quarterly reports upon the occurrence of certain events. Large private equity advisers will also be required to provide new information in their annual updates.

The amended Form PF will require:

Current Reporting Requirements for Large Hedge Fund Advisers. In addition to their existing quarterly filing obligations, advisers with at least $1.5 billion in assets under management (“AUM”) attributable to hedge funds will be newly required to report certain events—such as extraordinary investment losses, significant margin and default events, and large withdrawal and redemption requests—as soon as practicable, but no later than 72 hours, after they occur.

Quarterly Reporting for Private Equity Fund Advisers. Within 60 days of the end of each fiscal quarter, each private equity fund adviser will be required to report any completion of an advisor-led secondary transaction or investor elections to remove a fund’s general partner or to terminate a fund’s investment period during the preceding quarter.

Additional Reporting for Large Private Equity Fund Advisers. Advisers with $2 billion or more of private equity fund AUM will be required to disclose a range of new information in their annual updates to Form PF, including: (a) information about the implementation of general partner and limited partner clawbacks; (b) details about a fund’s investment strategies; (c) additional information about fund-level borrowings; (d) more granular information about the nature of reported events of default; (e) additional identifying information about institutions providing bridge financing; and (f) information about a fund’s greatest country exposures.

The new “current” reporting and quarterly event reporting requirements take effect six months following publication of the final rule in the Federal Register. The other amendments take effect one year following publication of the final rule in the Federal Register.

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