Americas – Page 3 – Global Investment Law Watch

United States: SEC’s Stunning Enforcement Actions Against Binance and Coinbase

Jun 08 2023

By Rich Kerr, Eden Rohrer, and Max Black

In a stunning move, over the last two days, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has filed back-to-back enforcement actions against major crypto exchanges Binance (See here) and Coinbase (See here). This clearly indicates that the SEC is flexing its enforcement power over both international exchanges as well as those exchanges with a focus on the United States. Please visit the K&L Gates Fintech and Blockchain Law Watch to see commentary about these developments from our Digital Assets team.

United States: New Conference, More Rulemaking?

May 22 2023

At the Conference On Emerging Trends In Asset Management sponsored by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and held 19 May 2023, Chair Gary Gensler, and Director of the SEC’s Division of Investment Management, William Birdthistle, called for greater discourse with industry participants and highlighted the strengths of recent rulemaking activities of the SEC.

Mr. Birdthistle kicked off the conference by referring to funds and investment advisers as “critical agents” in the investment management industry and in advancing the SEC’s mission. He also acknowledged the need for the SEC and its staff to be open to different opinions. He did not, however, indicate how such different views have been—or would be—addressed in the rulemaking process or otherwise.

United States: SEC Charges Two Broker-Dealers With Record Retention Violations

May 16 2023

By: Neil T. Smith, Hayley Trahan-Liptak, and Christopher F. Warner

In November 2022, The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Chair Gary Gensler stated that the SEC was only just getting started in its efforts to ensure firms were properly retaining business-related communication occurring over off-channel mediums. Two settled orders against two prominent broker-dealers released 11 May 2023 emphasize that point.

As with the SEC’s December 2021 and September 2022 settlements with major Wall Street firms, the 11 May 2023 settlements find violations of the record keeping requirements of Exchange Act Rule 17a-4 based on the firms’ failures to retain off-channel business-related communication. In the orders, which closely track the September 2022 orders, the SEC emphasized that the broker-dealers engaged in “pervasive off-channel communication” that occurred at all firm levels. The SEC continued to identify discussions about clients, client meetings, investment strategy, and communication regarding market color, trends, and events as “concerning” the broker-dealers’ respective businesses.

The May 2023 and September 2022 orders diverge with the discussion of cooperation. The SEC emphasizes in the recent orders that it considered the broker-dealers’ self-reporting, immediate remedial action, and cooperation with the SEC’s ensuing investigation when assessing penalties. Ultimately, the SEC ordered penalties of US$15 million and US$7.5 million, a fraction of the US$50 to US$125 million penalty range assessed in most prior similar orders.

It is clear the SEC’s investigatory efforts into record retention are in full swing. In fact, since the Fall of 2022, a myriad of firms have publicly announced that they are under investigation by the SEC in connection with potential record retention issues. It is likely additional formal charges are on the horizon.

United States: SEC Adopts Amendments to Form PF and Significantly Expands Reporting Requirements

May 04 2023

By: Pablo J. Man, Ruth E. Delaney, Matthew F. Phillips, and Gustavo De La Cruz Reynozo

On May 3, 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) approved amendments to Form PF, the confidential reporting form required to be filed by private fund advisers. The amendments expand the scope of Form PF’s disclosure obligations to require large hedge fund advisers to file new “current” reports and all private equity fund advisers to file new quarterly reports upon the occurrence of certain events. Large private equity advisers will also be required to provide new information in their annual updates.

The amended Form PF will require:

Current Reporting Requirements for Large Hedge Fund Advisers. In addition to their existing quarterly filing obligations, advisers with at least $1.5 billion in assets under management (“AUM”) attributable to hedge funds will be newly required to report certain events—such as extraordinary investment losses, significant margin and default events, and large withdrawal and redemption requests—as soon as practicable, but no later than 72 hours, after they occur.

Quarterly Reporting for Private Equity Fund Advisers. Within 60 days of the end of each fiscal quarter, each private equity fund adviser will be required to report any completion of an advisor-led secondary transaction or investor elections to remove a fund’s general partner or to terminate a fund’s investment period during the preceding quarter.

Additional Reporting for Large Private Equity Fund Advisers. Advisers with $2 billion or more of private equity fund AUM will be required to disclose a range of new information in their annual updates to Form PF, including: (a) information about the implementation of general partner and limited partner clawbacks; (b) details about a fund’s investment strategies; (c) additional information about fund-level borrowings; (d) more granular information about the nature of reported events of default; (e) additional identifying information about institutions providing bridge financing; and (f) information about a fund’s greatest country exposures.

The new “current” reporting and quarterly event reporting requirements take effect six months following publication of the final rule in the Federal Register. The other amendments take effect one year following publication of the final rule in the Federal Register.

United States: Staff Provides Legend Alternative for Non-Transparent ETFs Short on Ad Space

Mar 30 2023

By Keri E. Riemer

Non-transparent exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that are struggling to fit in digital advertisements the specific risk legend set forth in their exemptive orders (Exemptive Order Risk Legends) may be in luck. On 29 March 2023, the staff (Staff) of the Division of Investment Management of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued a statement (Statement) requesting that non-transparent ETFs use in such ads either (i) the text and formatting of their Exemptive Order Risk Legends; or (ii) the following text and formatting (with bold as shown and without bullets) (the Staff Risk Legend):

United States: SEC Adopts Rules to Reduce Risk in Clearance and Settlement

Feb 17 2023

By: Eden L. Rohrer, Raymond F. Jensen

On February 15, 2023, the SEC adopted rule amendments and new rules to reduce risk in clearance and settlement of securities transactions. The amendments to Rules 15c6-1(a) and 15c6-1(c) will shorten the standard settlement cycle for most securities transactions from two business days after the trade date (T+2) to one (T+1) and shorten the standard settlement cycle for firm commitment offerings priced after 4:30 p.m. from four business days after trade date (T+4) to T+2.

United States: A Record Year: SEC FY 2022 Enforcement Actions Bring Big Penalties

Nov 16 2022

By: Keri E. Riemer, Michael W. McGrath, Neil T. Smith, Hayley Trahan-Liptak, and Christopher F. Warner

On 15 November 2022, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced its enforcement statistics for its 2022 fiscal year (FY 2022), noting that it filed 760 total enforcement actions — a 9% increase over fiscal year 2021. This total was comprised of 462 new actions, 169 “follow-on” actions, and 129 actions for delinquent filings. Money obtained in SEC actions, comprising civil penalties, disgorgement, and pre-judgment interest, totaled a record-breaking $6.439 billion (compared to $3.852 billion in fiscal year 2021). Civil penalties, totaling $4.194 billion, were also the highest on record.

United States: SEC Adopts Expanded Proxy Voting Reporting by Registered Funds and New Reporting of Executive Compensation Votes by Form 13F Filers

Nov 07 2022

By: Lynn A. Schweinfurth, Kathy Kresch Ingber, and Crystal Liu

On November 2, by a vote of 3 to 2, the Securities and Exchange Commission adopted, largely as proposed, amendments to Form N-PX under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and new Rule 14Ad-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Amendments). The Amendments expand the proxy voting information that registered investment companies (Funds) report on Form N-PX, and require, for the first time, Form 13F filers (Managers) to report annually on Form N-PX how they voted proxies concerning certain shareholder advisory votes on executive compensation (“say-on-pay” votes).

United States: What’s in a Name? SEC Proposes Amendments to Fund Names Rule & ESG Disclosure Requirements

May 26 2022

By: Clair Pagnano

In a significant departure from the SEC’s long-standing position on the use of fund names, the SEC is proposing amendments to Rule 35d-1 that would expand the Names Rule to include terms denoting strategies, thereby subjecting funds that use the terms “Growth,” “Value,” and funds that use ESG-related terms in the fund’s name to the rule. It would also prohibit funds from using ESG-related terms in their names if ESG factors are considered to the same extent as other screening factors in the management of the fund (so-called “integration” funds). These and other key aspects of the proposed rule include:

United States: MNPI (aka, “My Next Possible Investigation”): The SEC’s Scrutiny of MNPI Compliance Programs

May 11 2022

By: Keri E. Riemer

The SEC’s Division of Examinations recently released a risk alert describing a pattern of deficiencies relating to investment advisers’ use of material non-public information (MNPI). The Staff highlighted the following as areas of concern:

Alternative Data. Advisers that used data from non-traditional sources beyond company financial statements, filings, and press releases appeared to not have adopted or implemented written policies and procedures reasonably designed to address the potential risk of receiving and using MNPI through such sources.
“Value-Add Investors”. Advisers did not have—or did not appear to implement—adequate policies and procedures related to investors who are more likely to possess MNPI (e.g., officers or directors of a public company, asset management firm principals or portfolio managers, and investment bankers).
Expert Networks. Advisers did not appear to adequately track calls with expert network consultants, retain detailed notes from the calls, and monitor trading activity related to companies in industries similar to those discussed during the calls.
Deficiencies related to Access Persons. The Staff identified advisers who failed to correctly identify “access persons” (as defined in Rule 204A-1(c) under the Investment Advisers Act), ensure that those access persons obtain pre-approval for investments in IPOs and other similar offerings, and maintain adequate records of the holding and transactions of access persons.

The Staff also encouraged industry participants to review their practices, policies, and procedures regarding the topics addressed above. We recently issued a client alert which describes the risk alert in greater detail and provides takeaways for industry participants.

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